Type

Journal Article

Author(s)

Bates, D.C.

Title

Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change

Date

2002

Journal

Population and Environment

Vol (No), pp

23(5), 465-477

Abstract

What distinguishes environmental refugees from other refugees—or other migrants? Are all environmental refugees alike? This essay develops a classification to begin to answer these questions and facilitate future policies and research on environmental refugees. Environmental refugees may have considerable control over the decision to migrate, but this varies by the type of environmental disruption. The origin, intention, and duration of environmental disruptions shape the type of refugee. Refugees from disasters and expropriations have limited control over whether environmental changes will produce migration. Gradual degradation allows “environmental emigrants” to determine how they will respond to environmental change.

Citation

Bates, D.C. (2002). Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change. Population & Environment, 23(5), 465-477. URL : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015186001919.